Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
"In the past two decades immunotherapy approaches have been shown to be effective for the treatment of selected patients with metastatic cancer. The administration of interleukin-2 or a monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4 can mediate regression of metastatic melanoma in about 15% of patients. The administration of in vitro expanded autologous anti-tumor T cells, plus IL-2, following a lymphodepleting chemotherapy results in objective regressions in 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. In a recent trial adding total body irradiation to the preparative regimen, an objective response rate of 72% was seen including 32% of patients with a complete response, all but one ongoing beyond two years1,2. T cells capable of mediating these regressions have been used to identify dozens of human cancer antigens3. Recently gene therapy approaches that utilize the transduction of genes encoding anti-tumor T cell receptors has resulted in objective cancer regressions4,5. This latter approach is now being applied to the immunotherapy of patients with common epithelial cancers."
source:http://web.ncifcrf.gov/events/cancervaccine/ProgramBook.pdf
References
1.
Dudley, M.E., Wunderlich, J.R., Robbins, P.F., Yang, J.C., Hwu, P., Schwartzentruber, D.J., Topalian, S.L., Sherry, R., Restifo, N.P., Hubicki, A.M., Robinson, M.R., Raffeld, M., Duray, P., Seipp, C.A., Rogers-Freezer, L., Morton, K.E., Mavroukakis, S.A., White, D.E., and Rosenberg, S.A.: Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with anti-tumor lymphocytes. Science 298:850-854, 2002.
4
2.
Dudley, M.E., Yang, J.C., Sherry, R., Hughes, M.S., Royal, R., Kammula, U., Robbins, P.F., Huang, J., Citrin, D.E., Leitman, S.F., Wunderlich, J., Restifo, N.P., Thomasian, A., Downey, S.G., Smith, F.O., Klapper, J., Morton, K., Laurencot, C., White, D.E., and Rosenberg, S.A.: Adoptive cell therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: Evaluation of intensive myeloablative chemoradiation preparative regimens. J. Clin. Oncol., 26:5233-5239, 2008.
3.
Rosenberg, S.A.: Progress in human tumour immunology and immunotherapy. Nature 411:380-384, 2001.
4.
Morgan, R.A., Dudley, M.E., Wunderlich, J.R., Hughes, M.S., Yang, J.C., Sherry, R.M., Royal, R.E., Topalian, S.L., Kammula, U.S., Restifo, N.P., Zheng, Z., Nahvi, A., de Vries, C.R., Rogers-Freezer, L.J., Mavroukakis, S.A., and Rosenberg, S.A.: Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes. Science 314:126-129, 2006.
5.
Johnson, L.A., Morgan, R.A., Dudley, M.E., Cassard, L., Yang, J.C., Hughes, M.S., Kammula, U.S., Royal, R.E., Sherry, R.M., Wunderlich, J.R., Lee, C-C. R., Restifo, N.P., Schwarz, S.L., Cogdill, A.P., Bishop, R.J., Kim, H., Brewer, C.C., Rudy, S.F., VanWaes, C., Davis, J.L., Mathur, A., Ripley, R.T., Nathan, D.A., Laurencot, C.M., and Rosenberg, S.A.: Gene therapy with human and mouse T-cell receptors mediates cancer regression and targets normal tissues expressing cognate antigen. Blood 114:535-546, 2009
When you put together all that we know, Treg surpression,Anti-CTLA-4 Blockage and IL-2 growth factor, Oncologists have the tools to stabilize Melanoma. In some cases, they may have even cured Melanoma. Time will only tell.
Melanoma And the Magic Bullet, (Monoclonal Antibodies)
Take care
Jimmy B
Melanoma_Missionary
"Today might be the worst day of your life...but tomorrow could be the best. You just have to get there."
~Unknown~
No comments:
Post a Comment